retro bytes - Written by Mark Stevens on Thursday, January 14, 2010 3:01 - 11 Comments

The ZX Spectrum Did Not Exist

The ZX Spectrum did not exist. The BBC Micro may also be a figment of your imagination. The Amstrad CPC? Never heard of it.

I make a point of reading as many books about the history of computer & video games as possible. Most of them are pretty decent reads, well researched and historically accurate. But if there’s one alarming trend common to most, it’s the glaring omission of anything relating to the European (particularly the British) video game scene during the 1980s.

If you don’t believe me, pick up a copy of Steven L. Kent’s The Ultimate History of Video Games, turn to the index and try to find any mention of the ZX Spectrum, BBC Micro or Amstrad CPC. Nope, I don’t see anything either. Now grab your copy of Vintage Games by Bill Loguidice and Matt Barton and do the same. Zippity-nilch. A bit strange given that these computers, along with the Commodore 64, dominated the British gaming scene for most the 1980s.

While it’s fair to say that neither of these machines found commercial success outside Europe (which I’m assuming is the main reason the annals of video game history appears to be ignoring them), it’s dangerous to overlook them as they made significant contributions to the video game industry and helped shape it into the one we’re familiar with today.

One of the most critically acclaimed developers for the ZX Spectrum were Ultimate Play the Game, responsible for the likes of Sabre Wulf, Knight Lore and Underwurlde. These days you know them better as Rare, who gave us Donkey Kong Country, Banjo Kazooie, Goldeneye, Jet Force Gemini, Perfect Dark and Viva Piñata (amongst countless others). Without their early success on the ZX Spectrum it’s fair to say they wouldn’t be around today.

Meanwhile, the BBC Micro introduced us to Geoff Crammond and David Braben. Crammond gave us the highly successful Formula One Grand Prix series of racing simulators, while Braben is perhaps most famous for introducing Elite to the world (a game that’s 25 years old but still continues to be the yardstick by which all space combat/trading games are judged). His current studio, Frontier Developments, are currently working on The Outsider for Xbox 360, PS3 and Windows platforms.

As far as the existing video game history books are concerned, everything happened in either the USA or Japan. It’s all about Atari, Mattel, Nintendo and Sega, with a little bit of Commodore on the side. Sinclair, Acorn and Amstrad rarely get a look in, which is a bit of a shame given the rather exceptional and unique games that appeared on those systems. To ignore the European contribution to video game history is to ignore the likes of The Last Ninja, Head Over Heels, Lords of Midnight, The Hobbit, Alien Breed, Manic Miner, Mercenary, Flashback, Paradroid, Elite, Revs, Knight Lore, The Pawn and hundreds of other critically acclaimed titles I could reel off without a pause for breath. All these titles directly influenced an entire generation of PC developers during the 1990s, who in turn influenced many of the PC, Xbox 360 and PS3 developers working today.

I urge those writers responsible for the next batch of video game history books not to overlook the influence of the countless British/European developers responsible for so many great gaming experiences during the 1980s. Without their influence many of the contemporary classics you count as your favorites probably wouldn’t exist.



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11 Comments

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Michelle
Jan 14, 2010 7:35

All absolutely true! It's shocking that such important parts of gaming history are overlooked in such a way.

Miller
Jan 14, 2010 14:12

I believe Codemasters was also born out of the popularity of the old Speccy. It's pretty shocking that this is all missed out in these books, when they were so dang important to a lot of us Brits.

Retroblique
Jan 14, 2010 14:57

I definitely agree. The fact that the likes of Frontier Developments, Rare & Codemasters are still around today is a monumental achievement in an industry where developers come and go in the blink of an eye. But it would still be nice if that achievement was acknowledged somewhere by those people who claim to write the definitive historical texts of our industry.

These books are being read by tomorrow's gaming journalists. It's bad enough that today's gaming journalists barely acknowledge anything that happened in the 20th century, but there's something not quite right about video game history being written in which the ZX Spectrum and BBC Micro are notoriously absent. Thankfully there's enough of us preserving and blogging about this aspect of gaming history that things will course correct themselves eventually. And long may the success of the stalwart British developers continue!

Retroblique
Jan 14, 2010 14:58

I'll forgive Loguidice and Barton, given that their book is largely anecdotal (and Barton's given the Speccy fair dues on his blog), but I expected more of Kent, who presents his book as more of an objective history. Then again, he spent so much time on the history of Atari that everything else ended up as a mere footnote.

I was surprised that Populous got a mention, although only in a throwaway sentence that referred to it as a Sega Genesis game from EA. Perhaps most startling was that there was no mention of Tomb Raider. How anyone can claim to have written the Ultimate Guide to Video Games and not even make a passing reference to it simply boggles the mind.

@frontierdev
Jan 14, 2010 12:26

Though there perhaps isn't as much information about the early days of British gaming in books, there have been several recent television programmes which delve into the history behind the video games industry and the British video games industry – notably Games Britannia & Micro Men, which were both interesting to watch :-)

What's great is to see the likes of Frontier Developments, Rare Ltd, Codemasters and other pioneering British games developers still going strong after so many years. I think that's what we should be more proud of rather than being mentioned in books :)

@retroblique
Jan 14, 2010 17:49

And not just to us Brits. Rare were responsible for a significant number of commercial hits on the NES, SNES and N64 and no doubt helped shift a lot of hardware for Nintendo. I bought my N64 on the strength of Rare's titles alone.

Bill Loguidice
Jan 14, 2010 19:25

Hey, there, thanks for mentioning Vintage Games. I'd like to counter a few of your suggestions about the book. First off, I would like you to point to any other book ever that mentions as many platforms as this one does. As a collector with over 350 platforms, I'm as hardware agnostic as they come. Even though I'm in the US and a US videogame and computer history expert, I have as a matter of course "foreign" systems in my collection, particularly from Japan, Australia and England. So I certainly appreciate diversity and the importance of mentioning EVERYTHING as much as possible and I stand by everything in the book. Between the in-book and online bonus chapters, British computers ARE mentioned, and my own ZX Spectrum collection is fairly extensive, particularly for an American. Second, the book is about GAMES, not platforms. So even though dozens of platforms are mentioned, really they're irrelevant in a discussion about games, which are typically multi-platform anyway. The list of games in the book was carefully chosen and I wonder what ZX Spectrum game in particular should have been mentioned in there based on your statements. It's also a US book written by US authors, though I'm pleased to say it has sold and been reviewed quite well in places like England and Germany, and there's even a translated Italian version available now. I'm working on a feature film documentary on the history of videogames right now and I'm sorry to say that the Spectrum is not in there, though again, more games and systems than have ever been mentioned in film before are being mentioned there. It's an important platform (just like the BBC, among others), but really only in the UK. It was a technologically mediocre, though well supported platform, and the only impact it had in the US was influencing the design of the mostly incompatible Timex Sinclair 2068 (which I also own with various mods to improve that compatibility). I have another book in the works covering everything games-capable platform released in the US, but that only includes the Timex Sinclair 2068 for obvious reasons. Anyway, it's hard enough to get something mainstream to mention something like the Commodore 64, which is the best selling computer of all time, let alone essentially a region-specific platform like the Spectrum. I understand and appreciate your concern, but there's only so much room in books and film for things, and only so much space to go into greater detail. It's not like there are not at least a few books on the Spectrum, anyway, so certainly that's something to enjoy and support.

Retroblique
Jan 14, 2010 20:58

First of all, many thanks for taking the time to offer your perspective on this topic. It was perhaps a little unfair to drag your book into this debate, given that it's primarily about very specific, influential games rather than a comprehensive acknowledgement of every hardware platform since the year dot. If I were to draft up my own list of the most influential games of all time then the Spectrum and BBC wouldn't get much of a look in (perhaps with the exception of Knight Lore and Elite respectively).

Your book just so happened to be one of the closest I could find by way of an example, mainly because it does take pride of place on my most accessible book shelf and isn't languishing in a box in the attic. I'm a big fan of Vintage Games and never fail to recommend it whenever someone asks me about decent video game books. (I'll also be doing an article on video game books some time in the near future.)

Like you say, when it comes to painting the broadest strokes on the video game history canvas, some systems will have to fall by the wayside. There simply is far too much for any one book (or documentary) to cover in any significant detail. Thankfully there are numerous bloggers out there with the ability to explore these niches, so these minor systems are unlikely to be forgotten, even if it seems like the heavyweight tomes in book stores may be neglecting them.

Thanks again for the comments, Bill. Your input is always welcome on this blog.

Bill Loguidice
Jan 14, 2010 21:50

No problem at all and I also understand you not seeing the reference to the ZX Spectrum in the book, since it's indexed poorly (it wasn't done by us), but if you look closely (REAL closely ;-)), it's actually mentioned twice, even though we say the book has a US focus in the foreward (again, especially for space reasons, but it was important to sneak in critical worldwide references). And of course Elite is one of the online bonus chapters that didn't fit in the book (25 fit in the book, 9 went online only), but is still in the TOC and referenced throughout. Knight Lore didn't make the cut (no connection to the canonical 34 in the book), but I agree it's a great game!

Mauricio Giraldo
Jan 31, 2010 0:09

Hi

I am developing a videogame history timeline and most of my sources are, as you may imagine, US-biased. I have seen the Games Britannia documentary (well, part 1 and 3 only) and Gamer Revolution which offer some British information. My timeline is interactive and I am using it in my videogame history course. You can see it here:

http://www.mauriciogiraldo.com/vgline/beta/

I cannot, realistically, put every single relevant event but I am making my best. Any input from the UK point-of-view will be appreciated. Most of the trouble for me has been finding birth dates of important designers/developers (you can see them all born 2010).

I do have the CPC : )

janina
May 17, 2010 4:54

Only idiots don't know about ZX Spectrum; only cowards try to hide it in their "books".

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